George Washington - 1st President
Major Issues During Presidency: -Developing a Cabinet of Advisors -Financial - 1st Bank of the U.S. -Federal Judiciary Act -Whiskey Rebellion -Northwest Border, Indian Conflicts -"Farewell Address" John Adams - 2nd President
Major Issues During Presidency: -Alien and Sedition Acts -Political Parties -XYZ Affair Thomas Jefferson - 3rd President
Major Issues During Presidency: - Louisiana Purchase - Embargo of 1807 - Marbury v. Madison (judicial review)
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***SEE EXTRA NOTES ON PRESIDENTS BELOW!!!
Video from Wednesday's class on Hamilton and Jefferson's differences: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vy7FJJ_ud84 Homework (post-Thanksgiving)12-2-13: What new issues my come as a result of having grown so large from the Louisiana Purchase?
12-4-13: What connection do you think exists between the fact that Alexander Hamilton was a Federalist and the National Bank controlling all tax money and other banks in the country? 12-5-13: What could come from a European nation getting involved in a country in North or South America? What was the U.S. saying it could do by means of the Monroe Doctrine? James Madison - 4th President
Major Issues During Presidency: -The War of 1812 James Monroe - 5th President
Major Issues During Presidency: - Missouri Compromise - McCullough v. Maryland - "Era of Good Feelings" - The Monroe Doctrine |
NOTES ON PRESIDENTS
WASHINGTON:
Washington's Cabinet of Advisors
Washington could not run the country all by himself, he needed assistance to manage everything that was required of him. To do this, he appointed advisors, called secretaries, that ran various departments in the government. There were only three (3) departments in the National Government at this time, the
Department of War – defense of the country (Henry Knox), Department of State – managing foreign affairs (Thomas Jefferson), and the Department of Treasury – managing the country’s money (Alexander Hamilton).
Whiskey Rebellion
Farmers that did not want to pay a tax on their whiskey, which they used as a form of money. The tax on this was part of Alexander Hamilton’s plan to strengthen the control of the Central Government, as well as to raise money for the country. The farmers, many of them soldiers from the Revolution, fought against taxes without representation and did not agree with the tax. The end of this situation came with Washington sending troops to put down the rebellion and a show of force that demanded people pay their money. What other situation have we looked at this year that is very similar to the Whiskey Rebellion.
Indian Conflicts
The Western Frontier of the United States was home to hundreds of thousands of Native American people. As settlers began to move in to this area, the Natives were resistant to losing land to them. In addition to this, the British were supplying the Indians with weapons through Canada. The Native
Americans in the Northwest Territory united to fight U.S. troops that were sent to the area, ultimately losing at the Battle of Fallen Timbers and much land in the Ohio River Valley and modern day Indiana.
First Bank of the U.S.
With a debt of $52 million (mainly from the Revolution), the U.S. had to figure out a way to pay this off. Secretary of Treasury, Alexander Hamilton, came up with a plan to do this. Southern states had already paid off their debts, in order to compromise on this the government decided to place the capital in the South to please these states. They also decided to create taxes on imported goods – known as a tariff. Tariffs would generate money for the government to
use to payoff the debt. Hamilton also created a National Bank, this bank would hold all tax money that the government collected, loan money to businesses and the government, and create money.
Federal Judiciary Act
The Constitution provided for only one court, however did not talk about who would be in charge of the court. It also said that lesser courts could be created as they were needed. The Federal Judiciary Act established that there would be 6 Justices (or judges) that met for the Supreme Court, one of them being Chief Justice. The Act also created lesser courts to deal with issues of the Federal Government.
Serving only 2 terms
Washington made his most noteworthy act as president by stepping down from office, setting a trend that would continue for over 150 years. This is a big deal because he did not have to give up his office, people loved him for being the hero of the Revolution and some actually wanted to make him a
king. His wisdom showed that the U.S. could have a peaceful transition of power, one without conflict, fighting, or even war.
Washington's Cabinet of Advisors
Washington could not run the country all by himself, he needed assistance to manage everything that was required of him. To do this, he appointed advisors, called secretaries, that ran various departments in the government. There were only three (3) departments in the National Government at this time, the
Department of War – defense of the country (Henry Knox), Department of State – managing foreign affairs (Thomas Jefferson), and the Department of Treasury – managing the country’s money (Alexander Hamilton).
Whiskey Rebellion
Farmers that did not want to pay a tax on their whiskey, which they used as a form of money. The tax on this was part of Alexander Hamilton’s plan to strengthen the control of the Central Government, as well as to raise money for the country. The farmers, many of them soldiers from the Revolution, fought against taxes without representation and did not agree with the tax. The end of this situation came with Washington sending troops to put down the rebellion and a show of force that demanded people pay their money. What other situation have we looked at this year that is very similar to the Whiskey Rebellion.
Indian Conflicts
The Western Frontier of the United States was home to hundreds of thousands of Native American people. As settlers began to move in to this area, the Natives were resistant to losing land to them. In addition to this, the British were supplying the Indians with weapons through Canada. The Native
Americans in the Northwest Territory united to fight U.S. troops that were sent to the area, ultimately losing at the Battle of Fallen Timbers and much land in the Ohio River Valley and modern day Indiana.
First Bank of the U.S.
With a debt of $52 million (mainly from the Revolution), the U.S. had to figure out a way to pay this off. Secretary of Treasury, Alexander Hamilton, came up with a plan to do this. Southern states had already paid off their debts, in order to compromise on this the government decided to place the capital in the South to please these states. They also decided to create taxes on imported goods – known as a tariff. Tariffs would generate money for the government to
use to payoff the debt. Hamilton also created a National Bank, this bank would hold all tax money that the government collected, loan money to businesses and the government, and create money.
Federal Judiciary Act
The Constitution provided for only one court, however did not talk about who would be in charge of the court. It also said that lesser courts could be created as they were needed. The Federal Judiciary Act established that there would be 6 Justices (or judges) that met for the Supreme Court, one of them being Chief Justice. The Act also created lesser courts to deal with issues of the Federal Government.
Serving only 2 terms
Washington made his most noteworthy act as president by stepping down from office, setting a trend that would continue for over 150 years. This is a big deal because he did not have to give up his office, people loved him for being the hero of the Revolution and some actually wanted to make him a
king. His wisdom showed that the U.S. could have a peaceful transition of power, one without conflict, fighting, or even war.