Unit 12 - Reconstruction
Homework
Thursday April 11th - How did President Johnson's plans create a backlash from the Repulican governemnt?
Vocabulary
Reconstruction – Era in U.S. history after the Civil War, time in which the country was “reconstructed” (1865-1877)
Reconstruction Act of 1867 – military occupation of the former Confederate states, strict guidelines on representation in
government and requirements for readmission to the Union
Ten Percent Plan – Lincoln’s idea/plan; if 10% of the population swore loyalty to the Union, the state would be readmitted
Thirteenth Amendment – (1865) freed all slaves without compensation to slave owners
Fourteenth Amendment – (1868) stated that all people born in the U.S. (except Native Americans) were citizens of the
U.S. and were entitled to equal protection of the laws
Fifteenth Amendment – (1870) granted black males the right to vote
Black Codes – laws passed in southern states during Reconstruction to limit the opportunities of African Americans.
Jim Crow Laws – laws passed to bypass laws created by the Radical Republicans that southern states did not agree with.
Civil Rights – basic rights guaranteed to a citizen
Civil Rights Act of 1866 – all people born in the U.S. were citizens and were entitled to equal rights, regardless of race
Hiram Rhodes Revels – First African American to be elected to the U.S. Senate
Freedmen’s Bureau – March 1865, Supervised all relief and educational activities relating to freed peoples; created
Schools, hospitals in the South.
40 Acres and a Mule – Idea that never developed into law that former slaves would be given land from slave owners
Radical Republicans – Republican political party that acted radically on the topic of reconstructing the South, felt that the South had to be punished for their
actions and implemented harsh measures for southern states to rejoin the Union
Andrew Johnson – Vice-President to Abraham Lincoln in Lincoln’s second term (began in 1865). He wanted Reconstruction to be a quick process that
would put the country back together again. 1st president impeached
Impeachment – the process of removing an elected official from office
Ulysses S. Grant – former leader of Union forces in the Civil War, elected president in elections of 1868 and 1872, not the most qualified president, appointed
many friends and relatives to positions in the government who took advantage of their positions by accepting bribes – or were simply
unqualified for the positions. Led to economic Panic of 1873.
Sharecropping – system that replaced slavery, workers would “rent” land from land owners, paying them with half of the harvest. This system led to
widespread poverty amongst the workers, mainly former slaves.
Homestead Act – 1862 law that essentially gave land away if it was “improved” it by building a house and cultivating it
Dawes Act – 1887 law designed to protect Native American lands during the land grab created by the Homestead Act
Morrill Act – 1862 law that made it possible for new western states to establish colleges for their citizens. These “land-grant institutions” emphasized
agriculture and mechanics and made education possible for thousands (t.u. and aTm)
Carpetbaggers – Northerners who came to the South to take advantage of the post-war situation
Scalawags – Southerners who did the same thing as Carpetbaggers
Ku Klux Klan – secret society that gained support in 1868 and sought to destroy the Republican Party in the South; used
harsh intimidation techniques (terrorizing people) to dissuade people from helping African Americans.
Compromise of 1877 – formally ended Reconstruction. Compromise was an end to a virtual tie in the presidential
election of 1876, where Republicans received the presidency, troops would leave the South
Reconstruction Act of 1867 – military occupation of the former Confederate states, strict guidelines on representation in
government and requirements for readmission to the Union
Ten Percent Plan – Lincoln’s idea/plan; if 10% of the population swore loyalty to the Union, the state would be readmitted
Thirteenth Amendment – (1865) freed all slaves without compensation to slave owners
Fourteenth Amendment – (1868) stated that all people born in the U.S. (except Native Americans) were citizens of the
U.S. and were entitled to equal protection of the laws
Fifteenth Amendment – (1870) granted black males the right to vote
Black Codes – laws passed in southern states during Reconstruction to limit the opportunities of African Americans.
Jim Crow Laws – laws passed to bypass laws created by the Radical Republicans that southern states did not agree with.
Civil Rights – basic rights guaranteed to a citizen
Civil Rights Act of 1866 – all people born in the U.S. were citizens and were entitled to equal rights, regardless of race
Hiram Rhodes Revels – First African American to be elected to the U.S. Senate
Freedmen’s Bureau – March 1865, Supervised all relief and educational activities relating to freed peoples; created
Schools, hospitals in the South.
40 Acres and a Mule – Idea that never developed into law that former slaves would be given land from slave owners
Radical Republicans – Republican political party that acted radically on the topic of reconstructing the South, felt that the South had to be punished for their
actions and implemented harsh measures for southern states to rejoin the Union
Andrew Johnson – Vice-President to Abraham Lincoln in Lincoln’s second term (began in 1865). He wanted Reconstruction to be a quick process that
would put the country back together again. 1st president impeached
Impeachment – the process of removing an elected official from office
Ulysses S. Grant – former leader of Union forces in the Civil War, elected president in elections of 1868 and 1872, not the most qualified president, appointed
many friends and relatives to positions in the government who took advantage of their positions by accepting bribes – or were simply
unqualified for the positions. Led to economic Panic of 1873.
Sharecropping – system that replaced slavery, workers would “rent” land from land owners, paying them with half of the harvest. This system led to
widespread poverty amongst the workers, mainly former slaves.
Homestead Act – 1862 law that essentially gave land away if it was “improved” it by building a house and cultivating it
Dawes Act – 1887 law designed to protect Native American lands during the land grab created by the Homestead Act
Morrill Act – 1862 law that made it possible for new western states to establish colleges for their citizens. These “land-grant institutions” emphasized
agriculture and mechanics and made education possible for thousands (t.u. and aTm)
Carpetbaggers – Northerners who came to the South to take advantage of the post-war situation
Scalawags – Southerners who did the same thing as Carpetbaggers
Ku Klux Klan – secret society that gained support in 1868 and sought to destroy the Republican Party in the South; used
harsh intimidation techniques (terrorizing people) to dissuade people from helping African Americans.
Compromise of 1877 – formally ended Reconstruction. Compromise was an end to a virtual tie in the presidential
election of 1876, where Republicans received the presidency, troops would leave the South